Zend-avestan Creation Myth: A Story Woven into the Tapestry of Ancient Persia by Hormoz I

The echoes of ancient Persia reverberate through millennia, carrying tales of powerful empires, profound philosophies, and a rich cultural tapestry. Amongst these stories lies the Zend-Avesta creation myth, a foundational text attributed to Hormoz I, the Sasanian king who reigned from 273 to 293 CE. This myth, enshrined in the Avesta, the sacred scripture of Zoroastrianism, offers a glimpse into the ancient Persian worldview, their understanding of the cosmos, and the origins of humanity.

While the exact authorship of the Zend-Avesta remains shrouded in historical debate, Hormoz I’s patronage and fervent devotion to Zoroastrianism led many scholars to credit him with its compilation or significant contribution to its development. He is remembered as a pious ruler who actively promoted religious reforms and sought to revive ancient traditions.

The Zend-Avesta creation myth unfolds in a dramatic narrative that pits the forces of good against evil, light against darkness, and order against chaos.

• Ahura Mazda: The Supreme God Ahura Mazda, the Wise Lord, represents the ultimate source of goodness, truth, and righteousness. He is depicted as the creator of all things, including the material world and the spiritual realm.

• Angra Mainyu: The Destructive Spirit In opposition to Ahura Mazda stands Angra Mainyu, the spirit of darkness and evil. He represents chaos, destruction, and the forces that threaten creation.

The myth narrates how Ahura Mazda created the world through a series of divine emanations, each representing an aspect of his being. These emanations include Spenta Mainyu (Bounteous Spirit), Asha (Truth), Vohu Mana (Good Mind), and Kshatra (Desirable Dominion). However, Angra Mainyu, born from nothingness, seeks to disrupt Ahura Mazda’s creation and plunge the world into chaos.

A cosmic struggle ensues, a battle between light and darkness that will ultimately determine the fate of humankind. The myth highlights the importance of free will in this conflict, with humans playing a crucial role in choosing between good and evil. Through righteous actions and adherence to Zoroastrian principles, individuals can contribute to the victory of Ahura Mazda and the preservation of creation.

The Zend-Avesta creation myth reflects the core tenets of Zoroastrianism:

• Dualism: The belief in two fundamental opposing forces, good and evil.

• Free Will: Humans possess the ability to choose between right and wrong, thereby influencing their destiny.

• Importance of Good Deeds: Ethical conduct and actions are essential for achieving spiritual enlightenment and contributing to the cosmic order.

The Legacy of Hormoz I and the Zend-Avesta Creation Myth:

Hormoz I’s association with the Zend-Avesta creation myth cemented his legacy as a devout patron of Zoroastrianism. This narrative, passed down through generations, served not only as a religious text but also as a foundation for ethical conduct and a reflection of ancient Persian cosmology.

It is important to note that the Zend-Avesta was transmitted orally for centuries before being written down. The text we have today is believed to be a compilation of various oral traditions and hymns, likely compiled during the Sasanian period under the influence of figures like Hormoz I.

The Zend-Avesta creation myth continues to inspire scholars and thinkers alike, offering insights into ancient Persian thought and belief systems. It reminds us of the timeless struggle between good and evil that transcends cultures and eras, urging individuals to make conscious choices that contribute to a better world.